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Sanatan Sanstha: Jayanti (Birthday) of 'Dharmaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj'
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- The details about Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj is as follows:
- Sambhaji lost his mother Sai bai at the age of 2. After her death, his paternal grandmother Jijabai looked after him.
- He was a scholar of Sanskrit and eight other languages.
- In 1666, he was married to Yesu bai, and later the couple had a son – Shahu
- On June 6th, 1674 at the time of coronation of Shivaji Maharaj, he was declared as the prince of the Sovereign Maratha Kingdom.
- He led and won his first war in Ramnagar at the age of 16.
- He headed the full strength Mughal army, which at the time was perhaps, the largest land army in the world. Sambhaji led the Maratha fight against the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. It was to be the final war in both men's lives, and would last all of 27 years.
- It was a disproportionate battle in all senses. Aurangzeb's army was at least 8 to 9 times larger than Sambhaji's. His whole empire was around 15 times bigger than Sambhaji's. However Sambhaji led the fight valiantly and did not let Aurangzeb win even a single major victory.
- In a meticulously planned operation, Ganoji Shirke ( Brother of Sambhaji’s wife Yesubai) and Aurangzeb's commander, Mukarrab Khan attacked Sangameshwar when Sambhaji was about to leave the town. A small ambush followed and Sambhaji was captured by Mughal troops on 1 Feb, 1689.
- Aurangzeb ordered him and Kavi Kalash to be tortured to death. Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash were brutally tortured for over a fortnight. The torture involved plucking out their eyes and tongue and pulling out their nails. The later part involved removing their skin.
- On March 11, 1689, Sambhaji was finally killed, reportedly by tearing him apart from the front and back with 'Wagh Nakhe (Tiger claws, a kind of weapon), and was beheaded with an axe. This grievous death was given to him at Vadhu on the banks of Bhima river, near Pune.
- After every torture, Aurangzeb would ask him if he had had enough and wanted to convert – but the courageous king kept refusing. By doing so he earned the title of Dharmaveer (Protector of the Religion) by which he is known to this day.
- However, Sambhaji's torture and heroic death unleashed an unprecedented unity and heroic spirit among the Marathas. Aurangzeb continued his grim war against the Marathas for another 18 years but could not subjugate the Maratha state.
- There is some dispute among historians about Sambhaji's ability as a ruler. These disputes came mainly from British & Mughal historians like Khafikhan & Grand Duff. These historians have portrayed him as ineffective and alcoholic.
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Powada on 'Dharmaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj' by Shahir Yogesh
देश धरम पर मिटने वाला।
शेर शिवा का छावा था।।
महापराक्रमी परम प्रतापी।
एक ही शंभू राजा था।।
तेज:पुंज तेजस्वी आँखें।
निकल गयीं पर झुका नहीं।।
दृष्टि गयी पण राष्ट्रोन्नति का।
दिव्य स्वप्न तो मिटा नहीं।।
दोनो पैर कटे शंभू के।
ध्येय मार्ग से हटा नहीं।।
हाथ कटे तो क्या हुआ?।
सत्कर्म कभी छुटा नहीं।।
जिव्हा कटी, खून बहाया।
धरम का सौदा किया नहीं।।
शिवाजी का बेटा था वह।
गलत राह पर चला नहीं।।
वर्ष तीन सौ बीत गये अब।
शंभू के बलिदान को।।
कौन जीता, कौन हारा।
पूछ लो संसार को।।
कोटि कोटि कंठो में तेरा।
आज जयजयकार है।।
अमर शंभू तू अमर हो गया।
तेरी जयजयकार है।।
मातृभूमि के चरण कमलपर।
जीवन पुष्प चढाया था।।
है दुजा दुनिया में कोई।
जैसा शंभू राजा था?।।
- शाहीर योगेश
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